UNIT 1

DATE: 29 DE JULIO 2022

Hello, my name is Anyereis Meza Alvarez. 

I'am 19 years old, i am a law student in the sixth semester at the Simon Bolivar University. 

I am an outgoing and fun person, in my free time I like to go out to see movies, eat or go shopping...

My favorite food is pasta and it goes without saying that I love animals, especially dogs.

 HOMEWORK: DIAGNOSTIC ACTIVITY

- ASKING QUESTIONS. 

READ THE TEXT AND WRITE YES/NO QUESTIONS. 

1. Is manuel a good worker? 

2. Does he work in a factory?

3. Did he start university last year?

4. Does he study a lot at night?

5. Will be a professional accountant?

6. Does he want to buy a big house for his parents?

7. Have they worked a lot to raise all the children?

8. Has he been going out with a beautiful?

9. Do we know if the relation will turn out well?

10. Can you wart to know?

FIRST  TOPIC TAUGHT IN CLASS: 

IMPORTANT INFORMATION.

Tag Questions

A tag question is a small question that is attached , or "tagged", to the end of a sentence. Rather than repeat the main verb, a form of "be" or other auxiliary verb or modal is used in the tag. Below are a few examples.

You came by train, didn’t you?
It’s very windy today, isn’t it?
You can meet me at the station, can’t you?
You couldn’t give me a ride, could you?

If the sentence is negative, the tag is usually positive, as in the example below.

You didn’t tell him, did you?

Note: Sentences with negative words are considered to be negative. Therefore, they require positive tag question endings, as in these examples:

He never drinks alcohol, does he?
Nobody left a message, did they?

If the sentence is positive, the tag is usually negative, as in the next example.

You told him, didn’t you?

ACTIVITY IN CLASS 

-GRAMMAR PRACTICE: COMPLETE EACH STATEMENT WITH TAG QUESTION. 

1. Rob's your manager, isn't he?

2. I turned off the projector, didn't I?

3. Tim is going to present next, isn't he?

4. She won't be at the meeting before 2:00, will she?

5. we haven't forgotten anything, have we?

6. It was a great day, wasn't it?

7. The agenda can't be printed in the business center before 8:00 a.m, can it?

8. The were explaining the meeting etiquette, weren't they?

9. She wants to be adressed by her first name, doesn't she?

10. There was no here from china, was there?

ACTIVITY TO PRACTICE

https://agendaweb.org/grammar/questions_tag-exercises.html

- EVIDENCE. 

HELP VIDEO

SECOND  TOPIC TAUGHT IN CLASS: 

 PAST PERFECT

The "past perfect" refers to a time before the recent past. It is used to indicate that an event occurred before another in the past. It does not matter which of the events is mentioned first, because the verb tense makes clear the temporal order in which they happened.

Estructura afirmativa

Sujeto + auxiliar had + verbo en pasado + complemento

Por ejemplo:

Sujeto	Auxiliar Had	Verbo en pasado	Complemento
I	had	met	them before the meeting
You
He/She/It
You
We
They

Estructura negativa

Sujeto + auxiliary had + not + verbo en pasado + complemento

Por ejemplo:

Sujeto	Auxiliar had	not	Verbo en pasado	Complemento
I	had	not	said	how long will the video call is
You
She/It/He
You
We
They

Estructura interrogativa

Auxiliar had + sujeto + verbo en pasado + complemento ?

Por ejemplo:

Auxiliar had	Sujeto	Verbo en pasado	Complemento ?
Had	I	gone	to eat before lunch time?
	you
	it/she/he
	you
	we
	they

When is the past perfect used?

Below you will find the five uses of the past perfect.

1.) The past perfect is used to refer to an action that happened in the past before another. In this case, the first action is conjugated in the past perfect, while the second, the most recent, in the past simple. 

-For example:

I had watched the movie before I read the book.

2.) It is used to talk about an action that happened before a specific time in the past. -For example:

I had fallen asleep when the clock rang at 11 PM.

3.) It is used to talk about actions that started in the past and continued until a certain time in the past. 

-For example:

I had been happy in all my jobs until I got this one.

4.) It is useful for indirect reporting in order to reuse what a person said when they spoke in the present perfect. 

-For example:

I have started a new degree →She said she had started a new degree.

5.) In some situations, it can be used in conditional sentences. 

-For example:

If you had told me before, I would have helped you.

PAS PERFECT EXERCISES

1. My father had visited China several times, so that's why he knows it so well.

2.They had not understood the movie because they had not read the comic.

3.Had he finished his homework before he went to play with his friends?

4. If we had gone by bicycle instead of by car, we would have arrived before closing.

PRACTICE WITH THE VIDEO 

TRID TOPIC TAUGHT IN CLASS: 

THE CULTURES

Culture represents the identity of a social group, it is characterized by its behaviors and customs, each cultural society defines its own symbolic elements so that its members can interact, communicate and understand each other, these elements can be language, beliefs, traditions, among others. . The evolution of culture goes hand in hand with the history of man, therefore the first signs of culture are given from the beginning of the first civilizations. Around the world there are different cultural societies, therefore it is considered that there is a wide cultural diversity, its positive and harmonious interaction within the same geographical area is called multiculturalism, and on the other hand the use of cultural diversity as a personal advantage is considered interculturality.

what are the elements that make up culture?

1. BELIEFS: These are the set of ideas that generate specific behaviors and attribute meaning and values to certain things. Beliefs can come from different paths.

2. RULES: There are a series of rules, which must be respected by people. Otherwise, a series of corresponding sanctions are produced to remedy non-compliance with these rules. 

3. VALUES: They tend to be those positive norms that are shared in a group and that are tried to promote in social life.

4. IDENTITY: It is something that identifies a society and that includes the lifestyle, the typical diet, etc... 

TYPES OF CULTURES

Rusia – Flores coloridas: In Russia flowers are only given in odd quantities, why? it is simply a rule, an even bouquet would only be given at funerals, and therefore the even number is associated with mourning.

China Table Behavior Rules: Anyone planning a trip to China should be warned that the table behavior rules are very strict and different from ours. Surely you have already heard that in China people usually sip and make sounds when eating, and this is because they believe that if you don't make noise when you eat it is because the food is not tasty, it's that simple! In Spain this would be unthinkable, for us good table manners are a sign of respect and courtesy.

France – Kisses to the right, kisses to the left: It is usually customary to greet someone with two kisses on the cheek, starting on the right side, although in Provence and in the east of the country it is usually started on the left . In some regions the ritual may only be a kiss on the cheek. It is also worth mentioning that in France it is very common for men to also greet each other by kissing.

Japan – From shoes to bows: One of the most important customs in Japan is the ritual of greeting: when greeting the Japanese, visitors bow to their host. In the event that this practice is not carried out, the host will consider the fact a symbol of humiliation. When you access a home in Japan, it is also essential to take off your street shoes, since the Japanese are very meticulous and want their houses to be always impeccable.

HELP VIDEO.... 

FOURTH TOPIC TAUGHT IN CLASS:

TABLE MANNERS AND ETIQUETTE:

Both etiquette and manners play an important role in social interactions. The two concepts revolve around human behavior and are often used interchangeably. However, the two are different in their essence and should not be confused with each other.

Etiquette is a code of conduct and a set of social rules that acts as a catalyst for positive human interactions. On the other hand, manners are behaviors that reflect a person's attitude. A key difference between etiquette and manners is that the former changes with a change in customs and social norms, while the latter will remain largely unchanged in communities.

Etiquette provides a structure within which good manners can flourish. It is polite to follow proper etiquette. For example, etiquette can dictate the rules for talking to someone. In some cultures, this means properly introducing yourself to a stranger and shaking their hand. But in other cultures, shaking hands is frowned upon. Good manners will encourage you to say "please" or "thank you" when necessary and not interrupt another person. These are universal courtesies.

- Watch your mouth:

It is important to pay attention to the way you communicate with others. Use respectful language that makes your listeners feel valued. Say 'please' and 'thank you' to express your gratitude. Avoid speaking loudly when you are conversing with someone.

- Be kind and respectful:

We must treat others with respect if we want to be treated with respect. Someone may be having a bad day and is being rude to you. This should not prevent you from responding calmly and serenely. Good etiquette and manners create a culture of trust and respect, allowing you to network and collaborate with others.

- Dress appropriately:

Every event and venue has a dress code, whether you're going to your office for work or a company retreat. Wearing appropriate clothing shows that you pay attention to detail. For example, you should choose formal clothes if you are going to a job interview, but dress in traditional clothes if you are going to a wedding. The right clothes make you look presentable and help you meet social expectations.

- Arrive on time:

A polite person is always on time. Being on time shows that you are not only punctual but also considerate of others' time. For example, if you have an important meeting with a client, try to arrive a few minutes early to give yourself some wiggle room. You can prepare for the meeting, relax, or brainstorm while you wait. You'll also mitigate the possibility of being late and making a bad impression.